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Aranama

"The Holy Land is everywhere." - Black Elk

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Description
Many Aranama people moved to Mission Nuestra Senora del EspĂ­ritu Santo de Zuniga at its second and third locations. Several times, they left the mission to move north, and occasionally joined the Tawakonis. Each time, the Spanish colonists convinced them to return. Some Aranama people also joined San Antonio de Valero in San Antonio and Nuestra Senora del Refugio in Refugio. Most of what is known about the Aranamas comes from Spanish mission records. Espiritu Santo de Zuniga Mission was moved in 1722 from Matagorda Bay to the lower Guadalupe River in order to serve the Aranamas and Tamiques.
Language
Aranama people spoke the Aranama language, a poorly attested language that went extinct in the mid-19th century. It may have been a Coahuiltecan language but remains unclassified.
Culture
Spanish records note that the Aranama were primarily an agricultural society and some joined the Spanish Mission system. It is believed that the Aranama disappeared as a tribe by 1843.

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